Resonance structures of nitrate (NO₃⁻)

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The three resonance structures of the nitrate ion in brackets, joined by double-headed arrows, with formal charges — The three resonance structures of the nitrate ion, NO₃⁻, side by side and joined by double-headed arrows. In each, nitrogen has one double bond and two single bonds to oxygen, and only the position of the double bond changes. Each is in square brackets with the ion’s 1− charge, and formal charges are shown.

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Answer key

NO₃⁻: 24 valence electrons
2 single bonds, 1 double bond; 8 lone pairs
3 resonance structures
Formal charges: N +1, O −1 (×2); all other atoms 0

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